dead@root fuck this shit

Makefile

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ KERNEL = deados.bin
 ISO = deados.iso
 
 SOURCES_C = kernel.c tty.c idt.c timer.c io.c vga.c gdt.c sys.c irq.c isr.c keyboard.c shell.c string.c user_space.c syscall.c
-SOURCES_ASM = boot.s idt_load.s gdt_flush.s pit_handler.s irq_e.s isr_e.s tss.s
+SOURCES_ASM = boot.s idt_load.s gdt_flush.s irq_flush.s isr_flush.s tss_flush.s
 OBJECTS = $(SOURCES_ASM:.s=.o) $(SOURCES_C:.c=.o)
 
 ISO_DIR = isodir

boot.s

@@ -12,24 +12,20 @@
 
 .section .bss
 .align 16
-
 stack_bottom:
-	.skip 1024 * 32  # 32 KB
+.skip 16384
+stack_top:
 
 stack_top:
 	.section .text
 	.global _start
 	.type _start, @function
 _start:
-	cli
 	mov $stack_top, %esp
-
+	push %ebx
 	call	kernel_main
-
-	hlt
-	jmp 1
 1:
-	jmp	1
+	jmp	1b
 
 
 .size _start, . - _start

gdt.c

@@ -4,14 +4,14 @@
 #define GDT_ENTRY 6
 
 Gdt_entry gdt[GDT_ENTRY];
-Gdt_ptr gdtp;
+Gdt_ptr gdt_ptr;
 
-extern void gdt_flush(uint32_t);
+extern void gdt_flush(void);
 
 Tss_entry tss;
 extern void tss_flush(void);
 
-static void gdt_set_gate(uint8_t num, uint32_t base, uint32_t limit, uint8_t access, uint8_t granularity)
+void gdt_set_gate(uint8_t num, uint32_t base, uint32_t limit, uint8_t access, uint8_t granularity)
 {
     gdt[num].base_low = base & 0xFFFF;
     gdt[num].base_middle = (base >> 16) & 0xFF;
@@ -25,45 +25,37 @@ static void gdt_set_gate(uint8_t num, uint32_t base, uint32_t limit, uint8_t acc
     gdt[num].access = access;
 }
 
-static void tss_install(uint8_t num, uint16_t kernel_ss, uint16_t kernel_esp)
+void tss_set_gate(uint32_t num, uint16_t ss0, uint32_t esp0)
 {
     uint32_t base = (uint32_t)&tss;
     uint32_t limit = base + sizeof(Tss_entry);
-
     gdt_set_gate(num, base, limit, 0xE9, 0x0);
+    memset(&tss, 0x0, sizeof(Tss_entry));
+    tss.ss0 = ss0;
+    tss.esp0 = esp0;
 
-    memset(&tss, 0, sizeof(Tss_entry));
+    tss.cs = 0x1B;
-
+    tss.ss = 0x23;
-    tss.ss0 = kernel_ss;
+    tss.es = 0x23;
-    tss.esp0 = kernel_esp;
+    tss.ds = 0x23;
-
+    tss.fs = 0x23;
-    tss.cs = 0x0B;
+    tss.gs = 0x23;
-    tss.ss = 0x13;
-    tss.es = 0x13;
-    tss.ds = 0x13;
-    tss.fs = 0x13;
-    tss.gs = 0x13;
-}
-
-void set_kernel_stack(uint32_t stack)
-{
-    tss.esp0 = stack;
 }
 
 void gdt_install()
 {
 
     gdt_set_gate(0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0);          // Null segment
-    gdt_set_gate(1, 0x0, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0x9A, 0xCF); // Kernel code segment
+    gdt_set_gate(1, 0x0, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0x9A, 0xC0); // 0x08 Kernel code segment
-    gdt_set_gate(2, 0x0, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0x92, 0xCF); // Data segment
+    gdt_set_gate(2, 0x0, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0x92, 0xC0); // 0x10 Kernel data segment
-    gdt_set_gate(3, 0x0, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFA, 0xCF); // User code segment
+    gdt_set_gate(3, 0x0, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFA, 0xC0); // 0x18 User code segment
-    gdt_set_gate(4, 0x0, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xF2, 0xCF); // User data segment
+    gdt_set_gate(4, 0x0, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xF2, 0xC0); // 0x20 User data segment
 
-    tss_install(5, 0x10, 0x0);
+    tss_set_gate(5, 0x10, 0);
 
-    gdtp.limit = (sizeof(Gdt_entry) * GDT_ENTRY) - 1;
+    gdt_ptr.limit = (sizeof(Gdt_entry) * GDT_ENTRY) - 1;
-    gdtp.base = (uint32_t)&gdt;
+    gdt_ptr.base = (uint32_t)&gdt;
 
-    gdt_flush((uint32_t)&gdtp);
+    gdt_flush();
     tss_flush();
 }

gdt.h

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ struct gdt_ptr_t
     uint32_t base;
 } __attribute__((packed));
 
-static void gdt_set_gate(uint8_t num, uint32_t base, uint32_t limit, uint8_t access, uint8_t granularity);
+void gdt_set_gate(uint8_t num, uint32_t base, uint32_t limit, uint8_t access, uint8_t granularity);
 void gdt_install();
 
 void set_kernel_stack(uint32_t stack);

gdt_flush.s

@@ -1,19 +1,17 @@
+.section .text
+.align 4
+
 .global gdt_flush
-
+.type gdt_flush, @function
 gdt_flush:
-    cli
+   lgdt gdt_ptr
+   jmp $0x08, $reload_cs
 
-    mov 4(%esp), %eax
+   reload_cs:
-    lgdt (%eax)
+      movw $0x10, %ax
-
+      movw %ax, %ds
-    mov $0x10, %ax
+      movw %ax, %es
-    mov %ax, %ds
+      movw %ax, %fs
-    mov %ax, %es
+      movw %ax, %gs
-    mov %ax, %fs
+      movw %ax, %ss
-    mov %ax, %gs
+      ret
-    mov %ax, %ss
-
-    jmp $0x08, $.flush
-
-.flush:
-    ret

idt_load.s

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 .section .text
+.align 4
+
 .global idt_load
+.type idt_load, @function
 idt_load:
-    lidt [idtp]
+    lidt idtp
     ret

interrupts.h

@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ void isr_install(void);
 
 #define NB_IRQ_ROUTINES 16
 
-#define PIC1 0x20 /* master PIC */
+#define PIC1 0x20
-#define PIC2 0xA0 /* slave PIC */
+#define PIC2 0xA0
 #define PIC1_CMD PIC1
 #define PIC1_DATA (PIC1 + 1)
 #define PIC2_CMD PIC2

io.c

@@ -1,18 +1,20 @@
 #include "io.h"
 
-void outb(uint16_t port, uint8_t val) {
+void outb(uint16_t port, uint8_t val)
-    asm volatile ("outb %0, %1" : : "a"(val), "Nd"(port));
+{
+    asm volatile("outb %0, %1" : : "a"(val), "Nd"(port));
 }
 
-uint8_t inb(uint16_t port) {
+uint8_t inb(uint16_t port)
+{
     uint8_t ret;
-    asm volatile ("inb %1, %0" : "=a"(ret) : "Nd"(port));
+    asm volatile("inb %1, %0" : "=a"(ret) : "Nd"(port));
     return ret;
 }
 
 void io_wait(void)
 {
-   asm volatile ( "jmp 1f\n\t"
+    asm volatile("jmp 1f\n\t"
-                  "1:jmp 2f\n\t"
+                 "1:jmp 2f\n\t"
-                  "2:" );
+                 "2:");
 }

irq.c

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "io.h"
 #include "sys.h"
 #include "idt.h"
+#include "tty.h"
 
 extern void irq0(void);
 extern void irq1(void);
@@ -42,24 +43,16 @@ void irq_call_handler(Stack *registers)
         handler(registers);
 }
 
-static void irq_remap(void)
+static void irq_remap(void) // PIC REMAP
 {
     outb(PIC1_CMD, ICW1_INIT | ICW1_ICW4);
-    io_wait();
     outb(PIC2_CMD, ICW1_INIT | ICW1_ICW4);
-    io_wait();
     outb(PIC1_DATA, PIC1_OFFSET);
-    io_wait();
     outb(PIC2_DATA, PIC2_OFFSET);
-    io_wait();
     outb(PIC1_DATA, 0x04);
-    io_wait();
     outb(PIC2_DATA, 0x02);
-    io_wait();
     outb(PIC1_DATA, ICW4_8086);
-    io_wait();
     outb(PIC2_DATA, ICW4_8086);
-    io_wait();
 }
 
 void irq_install(void)

irq_flush.s

@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ IRQ 15, 47
 
 irq_common_stub:
    pusha
-
    push %ds
    push %es
    push %fs
@@ -56,4 +55,4 @@ irq_common_stub:
    popa
 
    add $8, %esp
-   iret
+   iret

isr.c

@@ -139,23 +139,20 @@ static const char *exception_messages[] =
 
 void fault_handler(Stack *registers)
 {
+    // check this
     if (registers->id == 128)
+    {
         isr_call_handler(registers);
+    }
 
     if (registers->id < 32)
     {
-        terminal_printc("Exception. System Halted!\n");
-
-        const char *message = exception_messages[registers->id];
-        while (*message)
-        {
-            terminal_putchar(*message);
-            message++;
-        }
 
         isr_call_handler(registers);
 
         for (;;)
+        {
             sys_halt();
+        }
     }
 }

isr_e.s

@@ -1,85 +0,0 @@
-.section .text
-.align 4
-
-.macro ISR_NO_ERR index
-    .global isr\index
-    isr\index:
-        cli
-        push $0
-        push $\index
-        jmp isr_common_stub
-.endm
-
-.macro ISR_ERR index
-    .global isr\index
-    isr\index:
-        cli
-        push $\index
-        jmp isr_common_stub
-.endm
-
-
-ISR_NO_ERR 0    # Division By Zero Exception
-ISR_NO_ERR 1    # Debug Exception
-ISR_NO_ERR 2    # Non Maskable Interrupt Exception
-ISR_NO_ERR 3    # Breakpoint Exception
-ISR_NO_ERR 4    # Into Detected Overflow Exception
-ISR_NO_ERR 5    # Out of Bounds Exception
-ISR_NO_ERR 6    # Invalid Opcode Exception
-ISR_NO_ERR 7    # No Coprocessor Exception
-ISR_ERR 8       # Double Fault Exception
-ISR_NO_ERR 9    # Coprocessor Segment Overrun Exception
-ISR_ERR 10      # Bad TSS Exception
-ISR_ERR 11      # Segment Not Present Exception 
-ISR_ERR 12      # Stack Fault Exception
-ISR_ERR 13      # General Protection Fault Exception
-ISR_ERR 14      # Page Fault Exception
-ISR_NO_ERR 15   # Unknown Interrupt Exception
-ISR_NO_ERR 16   # Coprocessor Fault Exception
-ISR_NO_ERR 17   # Alignment Check Exception
-ISR_NO_ERR 18   # Machine Check Exception
-
-ISR_NO_ERR 19   # Other
-ISR_NO_ERR 20
-ISR_NO_ERR 21
-ISR_NO_ERR 22
-ISR_NO_ERR 23
-ISR_NO_ERR 24
-ISR_NO_ERR 25
-ISR_NO_ERR 26
-ISR_NO_ERR 27
-ISR_NO_ERR 28
-ISR_NO_ERR 29
-ISR_NO_ERR 30
-ISR_NO_ERR 31
-ISR_NO_ERR 128   # Syscal
-
-
-isr_common_stub:
-    pusha
-    push %ds
-    push %es
-    push %fs
-    push %gs
-
-    mov $0x10, %ax
-    mov %ax, %ds
-    mov %ax, %es
-    mov %ax, %fs
-    mov %ax, %gs
-
-    mov %esp, %eax
-    push %eax
-    mov $fault_handler, %eax
-
-    call *%eax
-    pop %eax
-
-    pop %gs
-    pop %fs
-    pop %es
-    pop %ds
-    popa
-
-    add $8, %esp
-    iret

isr_flush.s

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+.section .text
+.align 4
+
+
+.macro ISR_NO_ERR index
+   .global isr\index
+   isr\index:
+      cli
+      push $0
+      push $\index
+      jmp isr_common_stub
+.endm
+
+.macro ISR_ERR index
+   .global isr\index
+   isr\index:
+      cli
+      push $\index
+      jmp isr_common_stub
+.endm
+
+/* Division By Zero Exception */
+ISR_NO_ERR 0
+/* Debug Exception */
+ISR_NO_ERR 1
+/* Non Maskable Interrupt Exception */
+ISR_NO_ERR 2
+/* Breakpoint Exception */
+ISR_NO_ERR 3
+/* Into Detected Overflow Exception */
+ISR_NO_ERR 4
+/* Out of Bounds Exception */
+ISR_NO_ERR 5
+/* Invalid Opcode Exception */
+ISR_NO_ERR 6
+/* No Coprocessor Exception */
+ISR_NO_ERR 7
+/* Double Fault Exception */
+ISR_ERR 8
+/* Coprocessor Segment Overrun Exception */
+ISR_NO_ERR 9
+/* Bad TSS Exception */
+ISR_ERR 10
+/* Segment Not Present Exception */
+ISR_ERR 11
+/* Stack Fault Exception */
+ISR_ERR 12
+/* General Protection Fault Exception */
+ISR_ERR 13
+/* Page Fault Exception */
+ISR_ERR 14
+/* Unknown Interrupt Exception */
+ISR_NO_ERR 15
+/* Coprocessor Fault Exception */
+ISR_NO_ERR 16
+/* Alignment Check Exception */
+ISR_NO_ERR 17
+/* Machine Check Exception */
+ISR_NO_ERR 18
+/* All the others are reserved */
+ISR_NO_ERR 19
+ISR_NO_ERR 20
+ISR_NO_ERR 21
+ISR_NO_ERR 22
+ISR_NO_ERR 23
+ISR_NO_ERR 24
+ISR_NO_ERR 25
+ISR_NO_ERR 26
+ISR_NO_ERR 27
+ISR_NO_ERR 28
+ISR_NO_ERR 29
+ISR_NO_ERR 30
+ISR_NO_ERR 31
+/* Syscall */
+ISR_NO_ERR 128
+
+isr_common_stub:
+   pusha
+   push %ds
+   push %es
+   push %fs
+   push %gs
+
+   mov $0x10, %ax
+   mov %ax, %ds
+   mov %ax, %es
+   mov %ax, %fs
+   mov %ax, %gs
+   mov %esp, %eax
+   push %eax
+   mov $fault_handler, %eax
+   call *%eax
+   pop %eax
+
+   pop %gs
+   pop %fs
+   pop %es
+   pop %ds
+   popa
+
+   add $8, %esp
+   iret

kernel.c

@@ -22,10 +22,9 @@ void kernel_main(void)
     irq_install();
 
     timer_install();
-
     keyboard_install();
 
-    terminal_printc("Welcome to &cDeadOS&7.\n");
+    syscall_init();
     for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
     {
         terminal_printc("&cDead &7");
@@ -34,9 +33,22 @@ void kernel_main(void)
         terminal_printc("\n");
         delay(100);
     }
-    syscall_init();
 
-    enter_user_space();
+    enter_user_space_v2();
+}
+
+void user_main(void)
+{
+    terminal_printc("Welcome to &cDeadOS&7.\n");
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
+    {
+        terminal_printc("&cDead2 &7");
+        terminal_putchar('0' + (i / 10));
+        terminal_putchar('0' + (i % 10));
+        terminal_printc("\n");
+        delay(100);
+    }
 
     shell_init();
 }

linker.ld

@@ -1,24 +1,43 @@
+/* The bootloader will look at this image and start execution at the symbol
+   designated at the entry point. */
 ENTRY(_start)
 
+/* Tell where the various sections of the object files will be put in the final
+   kernel image. */
 SECTIONS
 {
-    . = 1M;
+   /* The kernel is situated at 1 MiB */
+   . = 1M;
 
-    .text ALIGN(4K) :
+   kernel_start = .;
-    {
-        *(.multiboot)
-        *(.text)
-        *(.rodata)
-    }
 
-    .data ALIGN(4K) :
+   /* First put the multiboot header, as it is required to be put very early
-    {
+      early in the image or the bootloader won't recognize the file format.
-        *(.data)
+      Next we'll put the .text section. */
-    }
+   .text BLOCK(4K) : ALIGN(4K)
+   {
+      *(.multiboot)
+      *(.text)
+   }
 
-    .bss ALIGN(4K) :
+   /* Read-only data */
-    {
+   .rodata BLOCK(4K) : ALIGN(4K)
-        *(.bss)
+   {
-        *(COMMON)
+      *(.rodata)
-    }
+   }
-}
+
+   /* Read-write data (initialized) */
+   .data BLOCK(4K) : ALIGN(4K)
+   {
+      *(.data)
+   }
+
+   /* Read-write data (uninitialized) and stack */
+   .bss BLOCK(4K) : ALIGN(4K)
+   {
+      *(.bss)
+      *(.stack)
+   }
+
+   kernel_end = .;
+}

syscall.c

@@ -21,8 +21,6 @@ void *syscalls[NB_SYSCALL] = {
 
 void syscall_handler(Stack *registers)
 {
-    terminal_writestring("Syscall\n");
-
     int sys_index = registers->eax;
 
     if (sys_index >= NB_SYSCALL)
@@ -51,4 +49,4 @@ void syscall_handler(Stack *registers)
 void syscall_init(void)
 {
     isr_install_handler(128, syscall_handler);
-}
+}

timer.c

@@ -1,48 +1,20 @@
 #include "timer.h"
 #include "io.h"
 #include "sys.h"
-#include "idt.h"
+#include "interrupts.h"
-
-#define PIT_FREQUENCY 1193182
-#define PIT_CHANNEL_0 0x40
-#define PIT_COMMAND 0x43
 
 volatile uint32_t tick = 0;
 
-void pit_handler()
+void pit_handler(Stack *registers)
 {
-    tick++;
+    ++tick;
-    outb(0x20, 0x20);
-}
-
-void pic_remap(int offset1, int offset2)
-{
-    unsigned char a1, a2;
-
-    a1 = inb(0x21);
-    a2 = inb(0xA1);
-
-    outb(0x20, 0x11);
-    outb(0xA0, 0x11);
-    outb(0x21, offset1);
-    outb(0xA1, offset2);
-    outb(0x21, 0x04);
-    outb(0xA1, 0x02);
-
-    outb(0x21, 0x01);
-    outb(0xA1, 0x01);
-
-    outb(0x21, a1);
-    outb(0xA1, a2);
 }
 
 void delay(uint32_t milliseconds)
 {
     uint32_t end = tick + milliseconds;
     while (tick < end)
-    {
+        ;
-        sys_halt();
-    }
 }
 
 void pit_set_frequency(uint32_t frequency)
@@ -50,12 +22,11 @@ void pit_set_frequency(uint32_t frequency)
     uint32_t divisor = PIT_FREQUENCY / frequency;
     outb(PIT_COMMAND, 0x36);
     outb(PIT_CHANNEL_0, divisor & 0xFF);
-    outb(PIT_CHANNEL_0, (divisor >> 8) & 0xFF);
+    outb(PIT_CHANNEL_0, divisor >> 8);
 }
 
 void timer_install(void)
 {
-    pic_remap(0x20, 0x28);
+    irq_install_handler(0, pit_handler);
     pit_set_frequency(1000);
-    idt_set_gate(32, (uint32_t)pit_handler_asm, 0x08, 0x8E);
+}
-}

timer.h

@@ -3,12 +3,16 @@
 
 #include <stdint.h>
 
-extern void pit_handler_asm();
+#define PIT_FREQUENCY 1193182
+#define PIT_CHANNEL_0 0x40
+#define PIT_COMMAND 0x43
+
+extern void pit_handler_asm(); // defined in pit_handler.s remove this
 
 void pit_handler();
 void delay(uint32_t milliseconds);
 void pit_set_frequency(uint32_t frequency);
-void pic_remap(int offset1, int offset2);
+void pic_remap(int offset1, int offset2); // moved to irq_remap
 void timer_install(void);
 
-#endif
+#endif

tty.c

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
 #include "string.h"
 
 static const size_t VGA_WIDTH = 80;
@@ -138,6 +139,7 @@ void terminal_writestring(const char *data)
     terminal_write(data, strlen(data));
 }
 
+// Існуюча функція для виводу одного рядка
 void terminal_printc(const char *data)
 {
     while (*data)
@@ -156,6 +158,86 @@ void terminal_printc(const char *data)
     }
 }
 
+void itoa(int value, char *str, int base)
+{
+    char *rc;
+    char *ptr;
+    char *low;
+
+    if (value < 0 && base == 10)
+    {
+        *str++ = '-';
+        value = -value;
+    }
+
+    rc = ptr = str;
+    do
+    {
+        *ptr++ = "0123456789abcdef"[value % base];
+        value /= base;
+    } while (value);
+
+    *ptr-- = '\0';
+
+    for (low = rc; low < ptr; low++, ptr--)
+    {
+        char tmp = *low;
+        *low = *ptr;
+        *ptr = tmp;
+    }
+}
+
+void terminal_printf_int(int value)
+{
+    char buffer[12];
+    itoa(value, buffer, 10);
+    terminal_printf(buffer);
+}
+
+void terminal_printf_hex(unsigned int value)
+{
+    char buffer[12];
+    itoa(value, buffer, 16);
+    terminal_printf(buffer);
+}
+
+void terminal_printf(const char *format, ...)
+{
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, format);
+
+    const char *p = format;
+    while (*p)
+    {
+        if (*p == '%' && (*(p + 1) == 's' || *(p + 1) == 'd' || *(p + 1) == 'x'))
+        {
+            p++;
+            if (*p == 's')
+            {
+                const char *str = va_arg(args, const char *);
+                terminal_printc(str);
+            }
+            else if (*p == 'd')
+            {
+                int value = va_arg(args, int);
+                terminal_printf_int(value);
+            }
+            else if (*p == 'x')
+            {
+                unsigned int value = va_arg(args, unsigned int);
+                terminal_printf_hex(value);
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            terminal_putchar(*p);
+        }
+        p++;
+    }
+
+    va_end(args);
+}
+
 void terminal_update_cursor(void)
 {
     uint16_t pos = terminal_row * VGA_WIDTH + terminal_column;

tty.h

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ void terminal_putentryat(char c, uint8_t color, size_t x, size_t y);
 void terminal_putchar(char c);
 void terminal_write(const char *data, size_t size);
 void terminal_writestring(const char *data);
+void terminal_printf(const char *data, ...);
 void terminal_printc(const char *data);
 void terminal_update_cursor(void);
 void terminal_clear(void);

user_space.c

@@ -1,9 +1,5 @@
-#include "user_space.h"
-#include "gdt.h"
-
 void enter_user_space(void)
 {
-    set_kernel_stack(0x110); // 128KB ?? WHY? ??
     asm volatile("cli;              \
                   mov $0x23, %ax;   \
                   mov %ax, %ds;     \
@@ -22,4 +18,27 @@ void enter_user_space(void)
                   iret;             \
                   1:                \
                   ");
+}
+
+void enter_user_space_v2()
+{
+    asm volatile("cli; \
+                  mov $0x23, %ax; \
+                  mov %ax, %ds; \
+                  mov %ax, %es; \
+                  mov %ax, %fs; \
+                  mov %ax, %gs; \
+                  mov %esp, %eax; \
+                  push $0x23; \
+                  push %eax; \
+                  pushf; \
+                  pop %eax; \
+                  or $0x200, %eax; \
+                  push %eax; \
+                  push $0x1B; \
+                  push $user_code_entry; \
+                  iret; \
+                  user_code_entry: \
+                  call user_main; \
+                  ");
 }

user_space.h

@@ -2,5 +2,6 @@
 #define _USER_SPACE_H
 
 void enter_user_space(void);
+void enter_user_space_v2(void);
 
 #endif